Particulate matter (PM), also called particle pollution, is a general term for extremely small particles and liquid droplets in the atmosphere.
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Particulate Matter
What is Particulate Matter?
Particulate Matter
• A complex mixture of extremely small particles and liquid droplets
• Made up of a number of components, including acids (such as nitrates and sulfates), organic chemicals, metals, and soil or dust particles
• Includes aerosols, smoke, fumes, dust, ash and pollen
Particulate Matter Size Definition
- PM 10 – Particles with a diameter of less than 10 microns are called PM 10
- PM 2.5 – Particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 microns are called PM 2.5
- Ultra-Fine Particles (UFPs) – Particles with a diameter of less than 1 microns are called UFPs
Permeability of Particulate Matter into the Human Body
- PM > 10 – 15 µm is the least harmful of all the particulates, as these particles do not penetrate the upper airway. These particles often get trapped by the tiny hair inside the nose and gets expelled out by the mucus present in the nose and the throat region.
- PM < 10 µm – These particles get deposited below the larynx.
- PM < 2.5 – 10 µm – These relatively course particles get deposited high in the trachea bronchial tree.
- PM < 0.1 – 2.5 µm is the most toxic agents. This size particles get carried to the lower airway causing serious obstruction.
- PM < 0.1 µm are also called the ultra-fine particles. These particles are present in the air in greater numbers. They remain in the airstream for larger amount of time.
OUTDOOR AIR POLLUTION
Outdoor air pollution has been recognized as a source of discomfort for centuries as smoke, dust and obnoxious odors.
INDOOR AIR POLLUTION
Indoor Air Pollution is 5 – 100 times more than the outdoor air pollution. Indoor air pollution is a concern in the developing countries
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